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Hierarchy, legibility, and type as meaning
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Perception, contrast, and hue psychology
Layout
Grid, space, and compositional structure
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Voice, clarity, and writing that earns attention
Accessibility
WCAG, inclusivity, and design for everyone
Interaction
Mental models, feedback, and feel
Motion
Duration, easing, and purposeful animation
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Checklist
Accessibility
Before you ship
A practical accessibility checklist. Work through it before handing off or publishing any UI.
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Perceivable
All text meets WCAG AA colour contrast (4.5:1 for body, 3:1 for large text)
All images have descriptive alt text; decorative images have empty alt=""
Colour is never the only way to convey information
All video content has accurate captions; audio has a transcript
Operable
All functionality is reachable and operable by keyboard alone
Focus order is logical and matches the visual layout
Skip navigation links exist to bypass repetitive header content
All touch targets are at least 44×44px on mobile
No content requires hover to access on touch devices
Understandable
The page language is declared in the HTML lang attribute
Error messages are descriptive and suggest how to fix the problem
Form labels are visible and associated with their inputs programmatically
No unexpected context changes occur when an element receives focus
Robust
Semantic HTML is used throughout — no div buttons or span links
All interactive components have appropriate ARIA roles, states, and properties
Modal dialogs trap focus when open and return it to the trigger on close
The page has been tested with a screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, or TalkBack)
Motion
All animations respect the prefers-reduced-motion media query
No content flashes more than three times per second
Animations can be paused, stopped, or hidden by the user
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